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最伟大的声音-第11部分

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布的。英国在自由中得以生存,让我们美国人选择不能低于他们的自由。
  在英国,一些反对党的领导是政府成员,所以有人提议美国也可以模仿此法。这对于我们政府来说是一个荒谬的概念。当英国自由党的领导或一个工党的成员当选丘吉尔内阁的成员时,按照英国议会的观点,他的权力是等同于丘吉尔先生的。这是由于英国的内阁是一个上下议院的委员会,是一个人人平等的委员会。哪怕首相是委员会的主席,权高位尊,在这里也不过是一个主席,其他成员也自然是他的同事。我们的情况大家都知道是有所不同的,我们的行政机构并不是立法机构的委员会。总统与国会各自独立,内阁成员不是总统的同事而只是总统的行政下属,服从于总统。哪怕总统的内阁成员全由反对派领导人组成,我们的政府依然不会是两党执政,它是一个由多数党的总统向由他挑选的少数党代表发号施令的政府。这些代表必须赞成总统的信念,否则就辞职。显而易见,在我们这样的国家,这种做法不可能为了国家福祉在多数党和少数党之间达成共识。这种作法对我们来说只是影子,而不是实质的一致。我们美国的团结一致并不是由言语或姿势构成的,而是反对党的意见与执政党的实施和政策融合而成的。我们的政府是一个有原则的政府,并不仅仅是一个属于人的政府。少数党派的任何成员,尽管他愿意为国捐躯,但仍保留对政府政策批评的权利。这个权利已经根植在我们宪法的体系中。那些时刻待命听从总司令的调遣为祖国而服务的人们,依然保留这一权利,同时我还要说是义务,去评议政府的方针路线。我们是两党制的制度,如果允许某一党完全执政,民主会完全瓦解,由专政统治代替。对于你们——为我们的事业真挚奉献的人们,你们选我来领导,我要说的,是在接下来的4年中你们的作用是做一个忠实的反对派。你们对我们在最近选举中所赞成的原则深信不疑,这些原则不像球衣,上场时穿,游戏结束时脱。争论本届或任何其他届政府的政策,并对在你们所在的州以及国家政府的人们,自由、公开地表达你们自己,这是宪法所赋予给你们的义务。现在,让我提一个忠告,我们是一个强大的反对党。11月5日,我们是只差几百万张选票的少数。但我们不要因此而偏激,为了反对而反对。我们反对的目的不是要毁掉,而是要建设强大的美国,一个富饶的美国,因为只有富饶才能强大,只有强大才能自由。 txt小说上传分享

忠 诚 的 反 对 党(2)
最后,我们的政府必须改变对大小事务一律惩罚的态度。相关的法规必须制定出台。我们反对党不断建议,政治迫害的日子必须结束。如果本届政府的心里有美国整体,我假设它是有的,那它一定会不怀偏见、心胸开阔地考虑反对党的这类提议。只有承认反对党的意见,并给予高度的重视,那全国上下才能团结一致,但这一政策只能来自政府本身。那些不和谐、不一致的声音只因对反对党的压制而引起,政府可以迫使我们分离,也可以将我们团结起来。
  现在我要讲一讲国家所面临的最重要,最紧迫的任务。在这一点上,所有的美国人目的相同、意见统一,那就是保卫祖国。我们团结一致支持防御,但在这里特别是反对党,我们扮演着一个举足轻重的角色。那就是时刻警醒,以确保美国人民是否得到有效的防卫,以及我们投票用于此目的的庞大开支,没有被浪费掉。在我的权限范围里要对你们再一次重申:希望通过向英国以及其他国家提供自身的防御物资和装备上的帮助,来维持他们的自由梦想。我们应该在适当考虑自身防卫的同时,尽力给予他们帮助。对于这一点,我认为我所说的没有吹牛,在历届美国总统竞选中,没有一位候选人像我这样费尽心力地促进统一战线的建立。然而,我认为这一切应该通过宪法的程序,得到国会的认同和批准。只有这样,人民才能时不时决定他们愿意采取的路线和作出的冒险尝试。
  我和罗斯福先生在竞选时都承诺过,如果我们当选,我们将使美国远离战争,除非遭到袭击。罗斯福先生再次当选,这一庄严的誓言,我知道他一定会兑现的,我也知道美国人民期望他信守这一庄严承诺。
  从11月5号以来,收到了数以千计,事实上是好多万封信。我亲自阅读了他们中的大部分,并为之深深感动。他们来自全国各地、各种族的人民。其中有天主教徒、新教徒,有犹太教徒以及基督教徒,有有色人种,也有白人。这些信来自在美国生活的各行各业的男男女女,有工人,有农民,有职员,也有商人。所有这些信和电报,无一例外,都是强烈要求将我们为之奋斗的事业继续下去。由于你们对这一事业的热爱,你们成立了数以千计的组织。它们是你们自己的组织,是你们自筹资金自行领导的组织。因此,如果你们愿意,由你们来维持它们比较合适。我也希望你们能继续下去,但不适合以我的名义。我不愿意这一伟大的事业仅仅因为我个人表面上有着某些优于他人的地方而被削弱。对此我感触颇深。这样,1944年一切会迎刃而解。
  我深信民主在领导方面已富有成果,我希望看到我们所有的人都献身于我们为之奋斗的原则中去。我个人在这方面的奋斗才刚刚开始,我不管是在未来,还是在过去都会对之充满热情、满怀信心地进行倡导。就像伍德罗·威尔逊说过的:“我宁愿在必胜的成功中遭受失败,也不愿在必败的事业里享受成功。〃
  在以后的岁月不管我从事什么,都会与你们并肩保卫我们的自由生活,更好地了解我们的经济制度,和寄望于我们每一个人的新美国的发展。同时,让我们在战斗中感到自豪与快乐。我们的事业已经引起了世界的关注,受到无数人的欢迎。随着时间的流逝,会有越来越多的人们在里面发现他们一直找寻的希望。让我们在这里用亚伯拉罕·林肯的一句名言继续前进:“不对任何人心怀恶意,对一切人都心怀宽容,按上帝给予我们的对正义的坚定性坚持正义。让我们继续努力完成正在从事的事业,包扎好国家的创伤,去做能在我们自己中间和与一切国家之间缔造并保持公正持久和平的一切事情。”

忠 诚 的 反 对 党(3)
晚安,愿上帝保佑并照顾你们每一位。
  Loyal Opposition
  Wendell Willkie
  Good evening; America,
  Twentytwo years ago today a great conflict raging on the battlefields of Europe came to an end。 The guns were silent。 A new era of peace began。 And for that era; the people of our western world; our democratic world held the highest hopes。 Those hopes have not been fulfilled。 The democratic way of life did not bee stronger。 It became weaker。 The spirit of constitutional government flickered like a dying lamp; and within the last year or so; the light from that damp has disappeared entirely upon the continent of Europe。 We in America watch darkness fall upon Europe; and as we watch its approach; that important time for us; the national election of 1940。 In that election; and in our attitudes after that election; the rest of the world would see an example of democracy in action; an example of a great people; faithful to their constitution and to their elected representatives。 The campaign preceding this election stirred us deeply millions upon millions of us who had never been active in politics took part in it。 The people flocked to the polling places in greater numbers than ever before in history。 Nearly fifty millions peop1e exercised; on November 5; the right of the franchise; the precious right which we inherited from our forefathers and which we must cherish and pass on to future generations。 Thus it came about that although constitutional governments have been blotted out elsewhere; here in America; men and women kept it triumphantly alive。 No matter which side you were on on that day; remember that this great free expression of our faith in the free system of government must have given hope to millions upon millions of others on the heroic island of Britain; in the ruined cities of France and Belgium; yes; perhaps even to people in Germany and in Italy。 It has given hope wherever man hopes to be free。
  In the campaign preceding this election; serious issues were at stake。 People became bitter;many things were said which in calmer moments might have been left unsaid; or might have been worded more thoughtfully。 But we Americans know that the bitterness is a distortion; not a true reflection of what is in our hearts。 I can truthfully say that there is no bitterness in mine; I hope there is none in yours。 We have elected Franklin Roosevelt President。 He is your President; he is my President。 We all of us owe him the respect due to his high office; we give him that respect。 We will support him with our best efforts for our country and we pray that God may guide his hand during the next four years in the supreme task of administering the affairs of the people。 It is a fundamental principle of the democratic system that the majority rules。 The function of the minority; however; is equally fundamental。 It is about the function of that minority twentytwo mil1ion people; nearly half of our electorate; that I wish to talk to you tonight。 电子书 分享网站

忠 诚 的 反 对 党(4)
A vital element in the balanced operation of democracy is a strong; alert and watchful opposition。 That is our task for the next four years。 We must constitute ourselves a vigorous; loyal and publicspirited opposition party。 It has been suggested that in order to present a united front to a threatening world; the minority should now surrender its convictions and join the majority。 This would mean that in the United States of America; there would be only one dominant party; only one economic philosophy; only one political philosophy of life。 This is a totalitarian idea; it is a slave idea; it must be rejected utterly。 The British people are unified with a unity almost unexampled in history for its endurance and its valor; yet that unity coexists with an unimpaired freedom of criticism and of suggestion。 In the continued debates of the House of mons; and the House of Lords; all of the government's policies; its taxation; its expenditure; its military and naval policies; its basic economic policies; are brought under steady friendly loyal; critical review。 Britain survives free。 Let us Americans choose no lesser freedom。
  In Britain; some opposition party leaders are members of the government; and some say that a similar device should be adopted here。 That is a false conception of our government。 When the leader of the British Liberal party or a member of the British Labor party bees a member of the Churchill cabinet; he bees; from the British parliamentary point of view an equal of Mr。 Churchill's。 This is because the British cabinet is a mittee of the Houses of Parliament。 It is a mittee of equals wherein the Prime Minister is Chairman; a lofty Chairman indeed; and yet but a Chairman。 The other members are his colleagues。 With us; the situation as you well know is different。 Our executive branch is not a mittee of our legislative branch。 Our President is independent of our Congress。 The members of his cabinet are not his colleagues; they are his administrative subordinates。 They are subject to his orders。 An American President could fill his whole cabinet with leaders of the opposition party and still our Administration would not be a twoparty administration。 It would be an administration of a majority President giving orders to minority representatives of his own choosing。 These representatives must concur in the President's convictions。 If they do not; they have no alternatives except to resign。 Clearly no such device as this can give us in this country any self respecting agreement between majority and minority for a concerted effort towar

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